歪楼：沙尘暴太可怕了，我今天下午去文体中心打球，妖风突起，五分钟的路程，迷了两次眼 
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说起章嘛，除了放在烂怂廉价便宜耐造的有机高分子透明及非透明材料展示盒内，也可以挂在 礼服（如东德的 Paradeuniform）上。
不过我手头的章实在是少得可怜，这里也就随便组合一下：
注：我实在是绷不住了才放上来和塬友分享的，全都是整活，既不正经也不符合条例
图中的章从左到右、从上到下依次为
- 「史塔西」[1] 中尉 [2] 肩章
- MC 社团证章，文中 已有介绍
- Absolventenabzeichen für Offiziere, die eine Ausbildung zum Berufsoffizier an militärischen Hochschuleinrichtungen oder Universitäten und Hochschulen der DDR abgeschlossen haben，直译「授予在民主德国军事类高等院校完成专业培训的军官的毕业证章」，1987 年开始颁发
- 「史塔西」[1:1] 领章
- 「五方」[3]
那为什么说小小年纪就一把年纪了呢？
- 一方面，左侧可以看出，原来的主人应该是毕业没多久，最多两三年，再看仔细些还能注意到后来的主人将其改成西德的了
- 另一方面，右侧的五方（有些没整理好），其实是第一版的 [3:1]，且条例中的授予条件包含以下几种行为
- 对广大青少年进行社会主义军事教育
- 严谨的部队日常管理
- 对基层官兵耐心细致地教导训练
- 热诚的个人无私奉献
- 细心维护军事设施设备，并在日常工作中总结出新的使用维护技术方法
- 兢兢业业投身科研事业，推进军事科技的发展
- 在坚决捍卫社会主义制度与保卫共和国的行动中表现优异
- 忘我地帮助兄弟国家的革命战友，为巩固社会主义大家庭作出贡献
所以如此搭配确是奇异。
不得不说，<ruby><rp>（</rp><rt></rt><rp>）</rp></ruby> 确实方便啊。
Stasi 的音译，即 Staatssicherheit 的缩写，一般指 Ministerium für Staatssicherheit，Waffenfarbe 为 dunkelrot，也叫 bordeauxrot (der Farbe des Bordeauxweins) 或 weinrot，应当叫做「勃艮第酒红色」？
没鉴赏过葡萄酒↩︎ ↩︎
四根金属绳平织在底板上，为尉官；按「少中上（大）」的顺序，两颗星为中尉 ↩︎
设立于 1966 年 2 月 17 日，授予给增强军队战斗力或保卫边界有功的国家人民军及边防军先进个人、集体或单位，1972 年前为第一版，1973 年后为第二版 ↩︎ ↩︎
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的证章勇闯交大門。现在风雨大作，只好草草离开，以后有机会再来吧。
现在润到 5 号线雁翔北路站了，也不知接下来流落何处呢。
还好证章也不娇气，淋淋雨也问题不大。
刷到一篇好文章，这几天来翻译一下。
不过翻译仅供参考，大家想看直接原文也行；这里我主要会用 专名号 来标记一下专有名词。
东德人民军勋赏
原作者：John E. Strandberg
With the reunification of Germany in October 1990, the awards and decorations of the former Deutsche Demokratische Republik — DDR (East Germany) have become more affordable and interest among collectors appears to be increasing. With this in mind, the timing seems right for a more in depth discussion of East German military orders and medals.
随着 1990 年十月两德统一，前 德意志民主共和国 （东德）对于收藏家们更负担得起，在这些人中的兴趣也更加浓厚。如此考虑，是时候更深入探讨东德军队勋赏了。
Before we begin an investigation into the military awards and individual decorations of the DDR, a little background information is in order. The Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was founded on October 7, 1949,in response to the declaration of the establishment of the Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Federal Republic of Germany) the month before. Initially, no provisions were made in the East constitution for the German establishment of a military force. With the prescribed aim of peaceful coexistence with the peoples of other nations, the fledgling DDR relied on the formation of a Garrisoned People’s Police force to meet its national defense needs.
在开始研究东德军版和民版章之前，我们不妨先了解一些背景信息。东德成立于 1949 年 10 月 7 日，是对一个月前宣布成立 德意志联邦共和国 （西德）的回应。起初，东德宪法并无关于建立军事力量的规定。由于规定的目标是与其他国家的人民和平共处，东德初期依靠组建 驻营人民警察 来满足国防需要。
However, the admission of West Germany into NATO in 1955, coupled with the desire to foster national pride, eventually dictated the need to establish a traditional military force. Drawing on Prussian tradition, mixed with German socialist history, the new government sought to develop a uniquely German socialist military structure and a corresponding system of military awards.
然而，随着 1955 年西德加入北约，以及培养民族自豪感的愿景，东德最终决定需要组建一支传统军事力量，并借鉴普鲁士传统，结合德国社会主义历史，试图建立独特的德国社会主义军事结构和相应的军事奖励制度。
这样有些不方便阅读，我换种方式来吧。
这次先贴原文。
Prior to the establishment of the NVA, the government of East Germany had several state awards, such as the Karl Marx Order. However, it was not until October 2, 1958, that the Council of Ministers established an official framework for a system of state-level awards. This system eventually included nearly 300 national or state level orders, decorations, and service medals.
In light of the plethora of awards that were available to East Germans, before we can begin to discuss military awards,we must first define what is meant by the term“military”. In the former DDR, the Nationale Volksarmee — NVA was akin to the Armed Forces in the United States.The NVA included not only the Landstreitkrafte (Army), but also the Luftstreitkrafte/Luftveretidigung (Air Force/Air Defense Force), and the Volksmarine (Navy). In addition, the Zivilverteidigung — ZV (Civil Defense) and the Grenztruppen — GT (Border Guards) came under the purview of the Ministerium für Nationale Verteidigung (Ministry of National Defense).
With this in mind, we will consider the Army, Air Force/Air Defense Force, Navy, Civil Defense, and the Border Troops to be the branches of the East German military. The Nationale Volksarmee (NVA) came into being January 18, 1956, with the Border Troops being established on September 15, 1961, and the Civil Defense Forces following, on September 18, 1970.
Unlike the United States, which allows the various branches of service to develop and award their own unique decorations — the Air Force Cross, Navy Cross, and Distinguished Service Cross, for example — the majority of NVA awards were not branch specific and were awarded to members of the Army, Air Force or Navy. Hence, the Merit Medal of the National Peoples Army, for example, was awarded to members of each of these branches without any modifications.
The Border Troops and Civil Defense did have a few of their own medals. However, in these cases, only the planchet designs were changed, the ribbons remained the same for all organizations. Thus, the Long Service medals for the NVA, Border Troops, and the Civil Defense all had the same ribbons, but different planchet designs.
Having defined the term“military”, we must now define“military awards”. Here too, there is a distinct need to define the term. Members of the East German military were allowed to wear most any state awarded medals or decorations. It is not unusual to see photographs of NVA officers wearing state awards such as the Banner of Labor or the Order of Service to the Fatherland. In addition, awards from various departments such as the Peoples Police, and other governmental organizations were commonly worn by recipients in addition to their military decorations. Therefore, for the purposes of this series of articles, we will considermilitary awards to mean only those awards issued by the Ministry of Defense or branch specific awards of the five branches of service mentioned above.
Kampforden“Für Verdienste um Volk und Vaterland”
The Kampforden is the second highest military decoration that was awarded to members of the NVA-the highest being the Scharnhorstorden.
Der Kampforden“Für Verdienste um Volk und Vaterland” (Kampforden), The Order of Struggle“For Merit to the People and Fatherland”, was instituted on February 17, 1966, by the Council of the German Democratic Republic and implemented by regulations on March 1 of the same year. The order could be awarded for outstanding service or merit in heightening the combat strength and readiness of the National Peoples Army;safeguarding the state borders of the German Democratic Republic; or strengthening and improvement of the socialist home defense.
Like many East German orders and medals, The Order of Struggle“For Merit to the People and Fatherland”was awarded in three grades; Gold, Silver, and Bronze. Any member of the NVA, Border Troops, Civil Defense, Peoples Police, Battle Groups, and the Ministry for State Security, as well as their units, organizations and components that met the award criteria was eligible. In addition, the Kampforden could be awarded to private citizens of the German Democratic Republic and also to foreign military personnel.
According to the regulations of March 1, the order was presented by the Chairman of the State Council of the German Democratic Republic. In 1978 the presentation of the order was made to coincide with special anniversary dates; such as the anniversary of the founding ofthe DDR, anniversaries of the NVA, Border Guards, etc., or immediately after the completion of the meritorious service or achievement. After 1978 the presentation was usually performed by the Minister of Defense or his official representative. In the beginning, only a certificate accompanied the order,however, later a cash incentive was also added.
As originally planned, the order was to be title“Order for the Protection of the Socialist Homeland”. However, the designation was changed early on in the development stages to, the Order of Struggle“For Merit to the People and Fatherland”.
Slight differences exist between the prototypes of the Kampforden and the final issued style. The diameter of the prototype (as measured from point-to-point across the pentagon) is 50 mm as compared to 40 mm on the issued style. In addition, the suspension ribbon was 28 mm wide on the prototype and only 24.5 mm wide on the production pieces.
As issued, the planchet of the Kampforden is a standard pentagon upon which is superimposed a five pointed star. The area of the pentagon between the rays of the star has a pebbled texture.In the center of the star is a red enameled medallion 19 mm in diameter, which is encircled by a white, one millimeterwide, ring. The service emblem of the NVA is superimposed in the medallion. A suspension loop is cast parallel to the face of the planchet.
From its inception, until 1973, the Gold and Silver classes of the order were made of gold-plated silver and silver, respectively. From 1973 until 1990, the planchets were produced in basemetal. Between 1973 and about 1984 the basemetal planchets were plated gold, silver, or bronze. However, from 1984 until 1990 the platings were done in an appropriate colored metal. Early pieces are stamped on the reverse with the silver content stamp“900”in both the gold and silver classes. Prior to 1973, the reverse of all the planchets were smooth. However, following 1973, examples of the medal are encountered with a variety of reverses; smooth, rough, pebbled, and even a waffled texture finish are common.
According to the regulations, the ribbon colors were supposed to have been yellow-gold with three stripes of reddish yellow. However, issued pieces all have the same ribbon as the prototype — yellow-gold with three brownish-red stripes. It appears that the ribbon with reddish yellow stripes was reserved for medals awarded during wartime (hence none were ever awarded with this color ribbon).
Jubiläumsmedaille“30 Jahre Nationale Volksarmee”
The Jubiläumsmedaille“30 Jahre Nationale Volksarmee” (30th Anniversary of the National Peoples Army Jubilee Medal) was established to recognize the 30th anniversary of the NVA.
The Jubilee Medal was authorized by a Resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party — Measure for the Preparation and Performance of the 30th Anniversary of the National Peoples Army — in 1984. However, in contrast to other State Awards, the Jubilaümsmedaille was not given the status of a“State Award”, rather it was authorized as an NVA-level award.
In conjunction with the 30th Anniversary celebrations, on March 1, 1986, the first Jubilee Medals were presented by the Minister of National Defense.
Unlike the Soviet jubilee medals, which many collectors are familiar, the NVA 30th Anniversary Jubilee Medal was not given out indiscriminately to all members of the NVA. To qualify, one must have been a active member of the NVA, with 30 years of service as of December 31, 1986. Others who qualified for the Jubilee Medal were civilians who were instrumental in the development of the NVA and members of other Warsaw Pact militaries who had made significant contributions to the strengthening of multi-national ties with the NVA.
On October 7, 1986, a subsequent order by the Minister of National Defense expanded eligibility for the Jubilee Medal to qualifying Reservists, professional in other Ministries, such as theprofessional in other Ministries, such as the Health Ministry and the Transportation Ministry whose activities strengthened the NVA.
The planchet of the Jubilaumsmedaille“30 Jahre Nationale Volksarmee” measures 35 mm in diameter and is made of nickel plated iron. The ribbon is the standard military East German style, and is light gray with 3 mm dark red-gold edge stripes and three 1.5 mm dark green and two 2 mm wide white center stripes.
In total, approximately 17,000 Jubilaümsmedaille“30 Jahre Nationale Volksarmee” were awarded.
Intermsspangen
The East Germans used several different systems for wearing Intermsspangen, (ribbon bars) — from a fairly traditional Soviet style to a horrible system of art paper ribbons placed behind clear plastic frames. However, all medals were awarded with a traditional single cloth ribbon mounted on a metal pin-back. The size of this ribbon bars measured 24 × 13 millimeters. To distinguish the various classes of awards which had more than one grade, miniature devices, such as crossed swords, or replicas of the medal planchet, in either gold, silver, or bronze-colored metal, were affixed to the ribbon bar.
胜利日快乐！
今天来西北大南校区一起看阅兵，一起学习，一起交流，为九三预热，很有收获。
现在在 333 路上，也不知道什么时候能到校。接着翻译吧。
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歪个楼，请问楼主是如何收集这些勋章的呢？
之前我逛咸鱼的时候遇见挺多卖勋章的帖子。其实我对收集各种老物件挺感兴趣的，但是一直没有深入研究过。比如勋章这些东西，lz 是去线下门店当场去看还是网购呢？网购的话如何保真？是从圈内公认的可靠店铺购买吗？ 
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在 国家人民军 成立之前，东德政府有几个国家奖项，如卡尔·马克思勋章。然而，直至 1958 年 10 月 2 日，部长会议才为国家级奖励制度建立了一个官方框架。该体系最终包括了近 300 个国家或州级的勋章和服务奖章。
鉴于东德人获得的大量奖项，在开始讨论军事奖项之前，我们得首先定义“军事”一词的含义。在东德， 国家人民军 类似于美国的武装部队。国家人民军不仅包括 陆军 ，还包括 空军/防空部队 和 人民海军 。此外， 民防 和 边防 受 国防部 管理。
考虑到这一点，我们将认为东德军队分为陆军、空军/防空部队、人民海军、民防和边防。国家人民军于 1956 年 1 月 18 日成立，边防于 1961 年 9 月 15 日成立，民防于 1970 年 9 月 18 日成立。
东德与美国不同：美国允许各个服务部门制定和授予自己独特的勋章，例如空军十字勋章、海军十字勋章和杰出服役十字勋章；而大多数国家人民军奖项不是特定于某一部门，而是颁发给陆、空、海军的成员。因此，在没有任何修改的情况下，以国家人民军功勋奖章为例，颁发给每个分支的成员。
边防和民防确有些自己的奖章。然而，这些只是微调了模具设计，所有组织的绶带保持一致。因此，国家人民军、边防和民防的忠诚服役奖章都有相同的绶带，但设计不同。
定义完“军事”一词，我们现在必须定义“军事奖项”。在这里，也有明确的需要定义这个术语。东德军人被允许佩戴任何国家颁发的大多数奖章或勋章。国家人民军军官佩戴国家奖章的照片一抓一大把，如劳动红旗或为祖国服务勋章的照片。此外，除了军事勋章外，来自人民警察和其他政府组织等各部门的奖项通常由获奖者佩戴。因此，就本系列文章而言，我们将认为军事奖项仅指国防部颁发的奖项或上述五个服务部门的特定奖项。
非常好提问！
这个确实分线上和线下两方面。
- 线下：一般都是地摊，偶尔也有较为靠谱的店铺（如西安大唐西市，北京潘家园）
- 线上：传统的有一尘网（需注册会员，并交一定费用），新兴的也就是贴中提到的「咸鱼」
而线上的话，大多都是像我这样玩玩的，玩腻了就出，换别的收藏；但是也有些例外，比如 复刻、倒卖甚至销毁的 。
保真的话，主要还是多学多问，找些参考资料，研究明白了再收藏。此外，这就像课程老师一样，别遇到明显的雷就行。另外，复刻有可能比原品更贵，至少东德的是这样的。
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这几天做完了这篇小综述的汇报，感觉良好。
去除引用文献复制比 6%，总文字复制比 17%，这一结果对于课程论文来说应该还能接受。
可以写一辈子的有关金属与珐琅的课程结课论文吗？
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